Mattijs asks:
I am developing an internet product and I am rapidly approaching the point at which I will need to set a pricing scheme for this product. Problem: I have no idea what to shoot for! I have done some research which shows a wide range of similar products with varying pricing schemes. When 37signals was developing Basecamp, how did you come up with pricing?
When we first priced Basecamp in Feburary 2004 the plans were $9, $19, $39, and $59. There wasn’t much science behind it. We asked ourselves a couple questions:
1. What would we pay?
2. What numbers feel right?
What would you pay?
I think this is the most important question. If you are designing a product that you are going to use then it’s fair to ask yourself what you would pay if you were buying it from someone else. The numbers we came up with seemed fair and reasonable. $9 seemed like a good toe-dip, and $59 seemed like a good top price. We have since changed our prices, but those numbers worked great for an unknown product for an unknown market.
This line of questioning resulted in a course correction when we were designing and pricing Campfire. Originally we were going to price Campfire at $5/chat. The idea was that people would create a temporary Campfire chat room to coincide with a meeting or conference call. We felt $5/meeting/call was about right.
But then we thought about it some more. We asked ourselves would we actually pull out of credit card and pay $5 for something we might only use for a few minutes? We decided no. That changed the entire product focus. Gone was the idea of temporary event chats and in was the idea of a persistent chat room that never closes. Then we adopted the Basecamp-like monthly recurring fee schedule. I’m confident that was the right choice.
What numbers feel right
There’s a big psychological and emotional side to pricing. A friend who worked at Wal-Mart once told me that Wal-Mart never prices anything ending in a 9. They always end in 8 (or 6 or 4) or something other than 9. They want the customer to know that Wal-Mart is always working hard to shave an extra penny off the price — hence the uncommon 8 not the familiar 9.
We’re not that scientific about our prices. Maybe we should be, but we’re not. Our current pricing lineup for Basecamp is $12, $24, $49, $99, and $149. We’ve had these prices in place for a few years now and we like the mix. It feels right. Each tier is roughly double the previous tier, but we deliver more than double the benefits.
For example, at Basecamp Basic ($24/month) you get 15 projects and 3GB of file storage. At Basecamp Plus ($49/month) you get 35 projects (more than double the Basic tier) and 10GB of file storage (more than three times the Basic tier). So the price is double but the benefits are more than double. This pattern continues throughout our pricing plans.
You can change prices if you have to
Remember, if you get your pricing wrong you can make corrections occasionally. We’ve made one major price change for Basecamp and one minor-ish price change for Backpack. The Backpack price change was when we launched the multi-user version. That price change actually reduced prices for the old higher tiers and offered a shorter step up from the first to second tier (it used to be $5 -> $9, but we changed it to $5 -> $7).
Changing your pricing can be a little painful in the short term, but if you make your case, increase the benefits with the price, give people ample warning about the coming increase (90 days, let’s say), consider grandfathering longer-term customers in at the old prices, and keep your prices fair, it should work out just fine.
Thanks for the question!
We love answering people’s questions about business, design, programming, marketing, pricing, etc. If you’d like us to answer yours, please email svn @ 37signals (...you know the rest).
Tony
on 09 Oct 08Thanks for the post – what great timing! We just released the free version of our first online tool and pricing is still being finalized for the full version. I completely agree with the “feels right/what would you pay” mantra. We’ve built a tool that we’d actually use, but the question has to be – what would we actually pay?
We got a lot of inspiration from ‘getting real’, by the way, during construction of our web app, and we’ve been using basecamp – so thanks a bunch!
Tony
allthingshappy.com
JF
on 09 Oct 08Tony: I should also add that I don’t believe you should release anything for free that you intend to charge for later. That’s a very hard sell. Once people get used to free they are a lot less likely to upgrade later. So if you are going to charge for something, charge for it on day one. You can have a free version as well, but if you are going charge later, charge now. The longer you wait to put a price on something the less likely people will consider it worth the price.
Steven
on 09 Oct 08Thank you for sharing.
Jason realizing your products cater to the “Fortune 5,000,000 have you seen any difference for “enterprise” customers? Those at the upper end of prices. Have you seen difference in the selling cycle with them?
Tony
on 09 Oct 08JF:
That’s interesting. That was debated as well. We decided to release the free version as a sort of ‘preview version’ for one month as we talked to different groups who might be interested. The free version will stay free, with the upgrade version giving out additional features.
We felt one month would be enough time (but not too muhc) to start getting people who might be interested to try out the software, maybe generate some buzz, and then announce the full featured version’s release…
Tony
Rémi Prévost
on 09 Oct 08Just wanted to point out that your first link to Basecamp lacks a “p” in its URL. Feel free to remove this comment when it’s fixed! :)
Rick
on 09 Oct 08One thing I’ve learned, it’s easier to re-price your service to a lower amount (if it’s not working right).
It’s much harder to change your price to a higher amount.
Paul Stone
on 09 Oct 08There’s a detailed article about coming up with a pricing structure for software over on Joel Spolsky’s website.
There is a lot of info in there, but basically it demonstrates how having tiered pricing for essentially the same product maximises your profits.
Thanks, Paul.
Russ
on 09 Oct 08Great post. Working for a large, global software company I always wondered how they came up price. I think we use a model similar to “What would you pay?” and double it.
Michael Kassing
on 09 Oct 08When we set about pricing our service we went through the same process: pull it out of you butt; play with it; see if it smells right; revise (washing of the hands was optional).
It turns out that pricing was the MOST difficult part of the whole process. Finding the happy place in between cheap and unbearable is not an easy task.
Thanks,
Michael Kassing
MarkTend http://marktend.com
Joerg
on 09 Oct 08We just recently went through the same “difficulties” with Blinkplan (magazine flatplan software). We were also looking for a price where the amount wasn’t too high so that the user has to ask for special clearance from the finance person, but could use her own discretion to subscribe. So we tried to get in below the “petty cash” threshold.
Also we added an additional low pricing plan after launch – so pricing can always be tweaked in that way too …
rishi
on 09 Oct 08Awesome Post!
Did you guys ever think about charging extra for a certain feature rather than giving them at different price plans?
For example charge $5/mo for extra space instead of putting a bunch of features all roped into a higher plan?
At my company Flying Cart we are thinking of adding in new pay-for features vs. adding a higher plan. Do you think this is a good or bad idea?
Ed
on 09 Oct 08Hi guys,
Just to add something. Don’t forget to analyze your costs, current and future. Hosting costs, additional personnel, etc. Just because ‘it feels right’ doesn’t mean it can sustain the business in the long run. You don’t want to be a business that loses money with every sale.
Paul Farnell
on 09 Oct 08Very interesting, thank you.
I wrote an article about how to price your web app for Vitamin a little while back. I’d also recommend Joel Spolsky’s article linked above.
It’s a fascinating subject, this whole pricing thing. We found that changing from charging in Euros to charging in USD made a huge difference. I’d definitely recommend sticking with USD, regardless of where you’re based (we’re in the UK).
Saša
on 09 Oct 08IIRC, once free & open source contender to Basecamp got many negative reactions on initial pricing announcement. They retracted the price, and asked their future customers what’s the price they would be willing to pay. It must have been a smart move, since the total investment put into 6 months of development payed off in only a few day after going commercial.
Grant
on 09 Oct 08I actually try to visualize myself pulling out my credit card to pay for the different pricing points.
Another thing I’ve done is call up a few potential users that I know personally and ask them what they would be willing to pay.
preetam mukherjee
on 09 Oct 08We just launched a SaaS + IaaS platform(for publishing video on the web).
You wouldn’t believe what we went through to arrive at a pricing model.
We needed a model that: - made business sense for us - puts us in a place where we can compete on the basis of being the most cost-effective solution on the Internet - takes into account customer perception of price <> brand - make it rewarding for customers to store and deliver MORE video content, even in the short term - and a few others…
Whew. It was an experience. If you thought figuring out a SaaS pricing model is hard, try adding in the infrastructure-as-a-service dimension as well..
Thanks for the opportunity to vent, Jason.. ;)
-preetam
Jason
on 09 Oct 08@Saša What is IIRC?
Bill Moriarty
on 09 Oct 08I use highrise and backpack but I’ll say I was surprised 37signals uses the common cheap trick of pricing at $99 instead of $100. It seems insulting to your customers to use the visually appealing $99 instead the truthful $100. You may as well be writing $99.99.
Mathew Patterson
on 09 Oct 08It seems insulting to your customers to use the visually appealing $99 instead the truthful $100
Wouldn’t it be truthful only if it actually cost $100, not $99?
Brad Fults
on 09 Oct 08Another tactic recommended by Tim Ferriss in “The 4-hour Workweek” is to put up ads with Adsense and show different prices on them. Once people click through, tell them to sign up to be notified when the product is released.
You can measure both the clickthrough of the ad to measure how interested people are in the product given the price and even approximates a sale by giving a harder-to-reach barrier of filling out a form with personal info and signing up.
Ed Taekema
on 10 Oct 08What I would do is rate the product/service on a couple of different axis. First, is how valuable is the service? In other words, how much does it save, produce, etc for the purchaser. Second, I would rate it on its perceived technical superiority, again by the buyer. If you have a high value product that is perceived as a high technology solution (even if it isn’t) then you need to charge more for it … otherwise your price will send the wrong message …
Mattijs Naus
on 10 Oct 08Thanks a million for answering my question. The answer is very helpful, as always.
It’s great to see how the folks at 37Signals take the time to help others out!
-Mattijs
Dan Cameron
on 10 Oct 08Jason,
I highly recommend you do some “science” for pricing your products. All the basic plans, especially Basecamp is extremely high IMO, when I calculate the yearly costs it makes me look for another service or software that could provide the same function.
I would image the $12 base plan for Basecamp is lowering your upgrade conversions. I’m sure if you calculate the lifetime value of a subscriber at the base plan then factor the increased conversion plus extended subscription of subscribers – 37S would benefit in lowering the base costs across all of your products.
I would also assume the extra people upgrading from the free plan wouldn’t increase your overhead.
It seems like you’re placing a high value on your products by simply charging a lot. IMO, you can’t do that anymore with your new competition.
I’m actually surprised you haven’t lowered your fees just because of the larger user-base. Scale should provide cost benefits for you, why not lower the rates in order to draw more base users, it’s very cyclical. Example, Amazon dropping their storage fees today.
Note: I’m not a marketing guy and I’m just voicing opinion. If you haven’t consulted a marketing consultant, I’d recommend for and against it ;).
Pablo Impallari
on 10 Oct 08Wow. I love this blog for post like this one!
I will also ask something? How important is the pricing of the “Max” plan vs how important is the price of the “Basic” plan.
I’m also near to launch a service and have been thinking that most users will go for the basic plan, an only a few ones for the Plus or Max plan. So the price for the max plan its of no real importance, since the bulk of the money will come from the Basic users, and Max plas will have little impact on the total.
Im struggling for setting a “basic” price not to high, so its not a barrier for the entry level. But at the same time no to low, since more of the income will be from that one.
What do you think about this? How is you user base balanced between plans? Can you share some insights?
(Sorry about my English, I’m doing my best, Im from Argentina)
BTW: I really love the DHH conference about ”...something magical happens and you get profit… put a price!!!!” Congrats Him about that.
Dave Driesmans
on 10 Oct 08i think the main question is: how many copies will i be able to sell? if you’re eg a publisher you kinda know, ow, i think i’ll sell about 1000 copies of that book. my costs are this and this, so i’ll ask 5 dollars to my distributor. but what can a good start-up (eg lessaccounting or zendesk) expect? 500 users at $20 each, or 50? that’s really difficult, because it’s all about that one first shot in virtual world and nobody will tell you how many paying users they have
JD
on 10 Oct 08JF charges too much.
Saša
on 11 Oct 08@Jason
IIRC = If I Recall/Remember Correctly
Andy
on 11 Oct 08Did basecamp ever offer a free model at the beginning or did you always charge a fee for the lowest level of service? Do you ever treat your base price as a lead on to higher priced item or are you simply capturing the low price point end of the market that will never pay for higher prices? It would be interesting to know if by lowering your lowest end pricing if you can use that as more of a “lead generation” tool for your higher priced offerings and therefore more revenue. The marginal cost of adding additional users I would imagine is quite low.
Geir Freysson
on 13 Oct 08Very interesting stuff. I blogged recently about how the “price is double but the benefits are more than double” strategy resembles how IKEA price their meatballs: http://tinyurl.com/6oojqu
JF
on 13 Oct 08Did basecamp ever offer a free model at the beginning or did you always charge a fee for the lowest level of service?
Basecamp has always had a free 1-project plan. Did at launch and does today. But we also always had pay plans. Giving something away for free is OK if you can also sell a different version of it.
This discussion is closed.